This is an overview of Data Income in English.
What is Data Income (DI)?
Data Income (DI) refers to both the income obtained from learning data for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the institutional framework designed to implement this mechanism.
Through the DI system, various types of data can be collected via applications submitted by the general public. This process not only contributes to improving AI performance but also facilitates the collection of essential data required for the safe and reliable operation of AI.
The AI-BI-CI-DI Framework
While the Data Income (DI) system can be implemented independently, it is also designed to complement the Basic Income (BI) system.
A significant challenge in implementing Universal Basic Income (UBI) for all citizens is securing sustainable funding. Integrating DI for the collection of AI training data can enhance AI productivity and help address the challenge of ensuring the long-term sustainability of UBI funding.
Furthermore, when combined with “Cooperative Income” (CI), which serves as a reward for actions contributing to the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), this system can further accelerate the introduction of Basic Income and increase its payment amount.
This integrated vision, which considers the synergy between Basic Income (BI), Cooperative Income (CI), and Data Income (DI) to enhance AI productivity, is proposed as the AI-BI-CI-DI Framework.
Legal Foundation
The Data Income (DI) system is built upon a new form of intellectual property rights regarding data, which are granted once data applications pass an examination process.
References and Further Reading
For more detailed information regarding Data Income (DI), please refer to the following publications:
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Intellectual Property Protection about Learning Data for Artificial Intelligence”, Patent, Vol.70, No.10, pp. 92-96, JPAA (2017)
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Intellectual Property and Artificial General Intelligence”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-008-09, JSAI (2018) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2018.AGI-008_09
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Artificial General Intelligence and Intellectual Property”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-023-02, JSAI (2023) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2023.AGI-023_02
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Alignment and Human Rights (AI Rights) of Artificial Intelligence to Keep the Law”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-025-03, JSAI (2023) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2023.AGI-025_03
- Yoshinori Okamoto, Jin Yoshikawa, “Is Japan Still a Machine Learning Paradise?”, World Intellectual Property Review, Newton Media Ltd (2024)
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “AI Alignment as Legal Science”, Jxiv preprint, doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.706 (2024) DOI: https://doi.org/10.51094/jxiv.706
- Yoshinori Okamoto, Hiroshi Yamakawa, “Official Data Income (DI) Collecting Social Norm Data- Toward Democratic AI Alignment”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-027-04, JSAI (2024) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2024.AGI-027_242
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Legal System in the Era of Superintelligence“, E-Book (Kindle Edition) (2024).
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Legal Norms and Ethics for Humans and AGI”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-030-01, JSAI (2025) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2025.AGI-030_01
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Future of the Patent Attorney Industry and Use of AI – Joining the magazine discussions (considering the viewpoints on AI’s technological future) –”, Patent, Vol.78, No.11, pp. 132-138, JPAA (2025)
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Certification and Rights of AGI”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-031-07, JSAI (2025) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2025.AGI-031_07
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “Factors Hindering Data Sharing and Circulation and Institutional Designs to Promote Them”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-DC-001-01, JSAI (2025) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2025.DC-001_01
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “A Data Protection System for Democratic Sovereign AI”, Workshop of Social System and Information Technology, JSSST-4, Japan Society for Software Science and Technology (2026)
- Yoshinori Okamoto, “AI Agent Society and AGI Certification”, JSAI Technical Report SIG-AGI-032-07, JSAI (2026) DOI: https://doi.org/10.11517/jsaisigtwo.2026.AGI-032_07
